On Grading

I'm handing back my students' first major assignment tomorrow (or whatever one might call the digital equivalent), so I of course spent much of my weekend on the grading process. I include under that broad umbrella of process the time spent actively not grading to clear my head and distance myself from difficult essays.

I started thinking this way several years ago w/r/t my creative writing activities. At first glance, it seemed like I was only spending small amounts of time here and there writing. I wanted to write more, wanted to get better at that craft. At some point, though, I realized how much my writing was being influenced by the time away from the page. Yes, those separate experiences provide fodder for the writing process, but being able to get distance from the work I am trying to do lets the ideas gestate and come to fruition in a manner impossible if I am staring at a piece of paper. Likewise, I think good grading practices involve times when one is not grading.

To be clear, I am not making excuses for any procrastination I may engage in. Instead, I think grading assignments, particularly grading essays which lack some of the clarity of correctness something like an algebra test might have, raises questions one must answer before moving on. Even if one has a strict rubric, they will inevitably run into situations where they have to make judgements calls about where an aspect of an essay falls within the rubric's area, or on which side of the Satisfactory/Well Done delineation a student should be placed. Perhaps years of experience teaching the same assignments would provide exactness in some of these instances, but many teachers modify or replace assignments as the years go on, and goodness knows we as first time instructors don't have that bevy of experience. We need to be able to clearly make these decisions, and I'd rather give myself time to think about it than struggle through it after 8 subpar essays which made me question my own teaching abilities.

With that in mind, I was unimpressed with the alternative grading style that some of the grad students mentioned in First Semester. Shirley and Anjel's interactive grading model has several problems, not least of which is the additional labor (or is it work?) that the process entails. However, I think such a process also doesn't give those involved room to think. The student comes to the instructor's office, argues their case, and that's it. Maybe the student thinks they should get a B+, the instructor a C, and they meet in the middle at a low-ish B. Yes, they've gone through the process, but what if the student thinks of a great reason why they deserve a higher grade an hour later? That doesn't fit into the process, although the interactive model seems to give those reasons importance.

Or, what if the instructor has these meetings back-to-back over the course of several hours? Surely the later students will either get a worse learning experience interacting with a drained instructor. Or, what if the last of six students makes a point that is equally as valid for the case of the first student? Is the instructor obligated to go back and apply this reasoning to the earlier meeting?

I understand that Shirley and Anjel were just trying to come up with something, and that criticizing their approach is not the point of its inclusion in First Semester. However, I do think it is representative of the average person's ignorance (a strong word, but I don't have a better one) of the importance of stepping away from a problem and giving themself space to think and breathe. As we talk about theories and processes of pedagogy, it is easy to forget the fragile human elements at work within those structures. Concerned as she is with human labor, I still find Restaino's discussions of the graduate students through the lens of Arendt too mechanical for my taste.

Basically, I think we should remember that Archimedes figured out how to discern the volume of irregular objects by taking a bath.

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  2. Lucas,

    I think grading can be a complex thing, as we are all trying to find a method that we feel focuses more on process, rather than product, while still having to evaluate the product. It makes the process messy, especially when we are trying things out for the first time and wanting to avoid creating more labor for ourselves in the process.

    While I'm not the biggest fan of rubrics, I still use them to grade. I know that's not the most socially accepted method of grading these days, but I find that creating a rubric with my students and then using that rubric to grade 1) helps them better understand how they are being evaluated, 2) saves me time and labor in terms of feedback, and 3) keeps me consistent in terms of how I am evaluating student work.

    Abbie

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    1. I definitely agree with you, Abbie. I'm very concerned/intimidated by the evaluating the product vs the process; it makes me feel really squick-y sometimes to think about (which, I guess, is how you know it's worthwhile to think about). I don't like feeling like I'm assigning a value to a person based on their work (and I know that's how it feels, because that's how I always felt, especially in high school...which these students aren't very far away from). However, I also know that I'm VERY easy grader - which means if I don't have structure, I spend a lot of time (like Anjel and Shirley with their students) debating with myself about grades. So I use rubrics, too. And like Nancy (and Mary, below!), I'm more worried about grade inflation than being too harsh. It's something to keep in mind when I start grading their first big assignment today.

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  3. As always, Lucas, your blog is insightful and entertaining.

    Very similarly, I finished grading my first major assignment in ENG 104 as I was reading Ch. 3 of Restaino. I agree with your take on the interactive grading model. It seemed like an exercise in futility to me, especially since, as one of the TAs (Shirley, I think?) noted, her grade and the student grade very often matched. A conference to negotiate every grade seems like more labor, not less, but I applaud any new teacher who is willing to try something fresh.

    I also wondered how the administration felt about Anjel's syllabus addendum that basically told students to go find another section if they didn't like his methods. To me, that seemed unnecessarily aggressive. He was anticipating push-back before it even happened.

    As I was grading last week and this week, I was trying to do what Lucas suggests and step away to really clarify my thoughts, especially after grading a lot of papers in a row or running into especially challenging ones. I still worried about grade inflation, since everyone who turned in a paper did pretty well on the first assignment. I was also thinking that maybe I returned the papers too quickly and that I was setting an unrealistic expectation for the future (longer) assignments.

    Luckily, I don't have any Phil's in my class, like Tess, but I still feel nervous about defending what is, in some ways, arbitrary decision making despite the careful architecture of my assignment and rubric.

    I thought this reading was especially timely and I recognized, in myself, the potential for Nancy-like tendencies. I wouldn't go so far as to disagree with the curriculum to my students, but I do get silent and withdrawn when I feel that my beliefs don't align with what might be "expected." Anyway, that's my two cents.

    Thanks for sharing, Lucas.

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  4. Lucas,

    My students just turned in their first set of papers on Monday, so grading is a very topical concern of mine right now, too. I haven’t started grading them yet, and I get the feeling I’m putting it off because I’m subconsciously dreading it.

    I like the idea of what you’re saying, that taking breaks and moderating our time spent grading papers all in a big rush can help give us better perspectives (and keep our attitudes up so we don’t grade harshly just because we’re tired of doing it), but sometimes I worry that if I don’t grade them all fairly close together I’ll lose sight of the approach I was taking and not grade everyone’s papers with the same standards. Even if you use a rubric, whether you see someone’s use of, let’s say, organization as “excellent” or “good” can sometimes depend on the time of day, the amount of precipitation in the air, or the last time your landlord sneezed. If I take too long of a break, I feel the urge to check back over all the papers I’ve graded previously to make sure I’m being fair across the board, but that would take even more time and make me dread grading even more. I suppose there’s a lesson about balance in here, or some solution regarding finding moderation between the two methods, but I’ll probably have to grade a lot more papers before I find it.

    -Jessie

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  5. Lucas,

    I really enjoyed your reflection on your grading process here! I think it is important to think of our grading process as something we do the ENTIRE semester, not something we take part in just when assignments are handed in. I, for one, am constantly thinking of my students' work even outside of the time when I grade (chalk it up to anxiety!), so I honestly spend more time in my grading process not grading like you mentioned. I have to prepare and plan in advance so that I have enough time blocked out to grade, I have to make sure I am in a good mood, I have a snack so I'm not hangry, etc. All of these things done before the process even starts factor in to how I grade. Afterwards, I tend to think about the grades for awhile and change one or two. My grading process does not begin and end with me opening my laptop to the first assignment and shutting it on my last. I still have to publish the grades, discuss them with students who may have a problem, etc. The grading process is never as "cut and dry" as these theories and books portray it to be, which I think damages our confidence as new graders.

    Thank you for your post!

    -Natalie

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